January 11, 2009

Early dynasties

The first Rajput kingdoms are attested to in the 6th century, and the Rajputs rose to prominence in the 9th and 10th centuries. The clans that descended from the solar and lunar lineage i.e. 'Suryavanshis' and 'Chandervanshis' rose to prominence first, followed by the five Agnivanshi clans, the Pratiharas (Parihars), Chauhans (Chahamanas), Solankis (Chaulukyas), Paramaras, and the Rathores.
The Pratiharas (Parihars) established the first Rajput kingdom in Mandore [1], Marwar in southwestern Rajasthan, with the Chauhans at Ajmer in central Rajasthan, the Solankis in Gujarat, the Paramaras in Malwa, the Rever's in Tarangagadh. The Rajput Rai Dynasty ruled Sind during the 6th and 7th centuries. Sind was conquered by an Arab Muslim army of the Califate, led by Muhammad bin Qasim, in the 8th century. Bin Qasim attacked Chittorgarh, and was defeated by Bappa Rawal Guhila. The Pratiharas rebuffed another Arab invasion in the ninth century. No further significant invasions occurred until the eleventh century. The Pratiharas later established themselves at Ujjain and ruled Malwa, and afterwards at Kanauj in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab, from which they ruled much of northern India, from Kathiawar in the west to Magadha in the east, in the ninth century. Clans claiming descent from the Solar and Lunar races, who were originally vassals of the other clans, later established independent states. The Guhilas (later called the Sisodias) established the state of Mewar (later Udaipur), under Bappa Rawal, who ruled at Chittorgarh, which was given in dowry to Bappa in 734 for his bravery. The Kachwaha clan came to rule Dhundhar, with their capital at Amber, and later Jaipur. The Chandela clan ruled Bundelkhand after the tenth century, occupying the fortress-city of Kalinjar and building the famous temple-city of Khajuraho.
The Tomars/ Tanwars established a state in present day Delhi,Haryana, and Eastern Punjab, rebuilding and founding in 736 A.D. the city of Dhiliki, ancient Inderprastha and modern day Delhi). Tomars/ Tanwars, being of Chandravanshi (Bharatvanshi) lineage, descended from Mahabharat's great hero, Arjun, through his son, Abhimanyu, and grandson, Prikshit. King Anangpal-I Tomar rebuilt Dhilika. Tomar/ Tanwar rule lasted at least until 1182 A.D when the then Tomar King Anangpal-II appointed Prithviraj, his daughter's son, as 'Caretaker'. King Anangpal-II Tomar,in the words of Lt. Col. Tod - quoting Chand Bardai- 'was justly entitled to be termed as the sovereign of Hindustan'. According to 'Jagas' of Tomars/ Tanwars, King Anangpal-II handed over the kingdom to Prithviraj when he went on a religious pilgrimage. However, Prithviraj refused to hand over the kingdom when King Anangpal-II returned from pilgrimage.The Kachwahas, and Chandelas and the bargujars were originally vassals of the Pratihara kingdom. The inscriptions from this period mention frequent intermarriage among the ruling clans.the Bargujars originated as the vassals of the pratiharas and are of suryavansh lineage

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